Journal:

Article Title: Nomenclature of Major Antimicrobial-Resistant Clones of Streptococcus pneumoniae Defined by the Pneumococcal Molecular Epidemiology Network

doi: 10.1128/JCM.39.7.2565-2571.2001

Figure Lengend Snippet: Properties of 16 pneumococcal clones a

Article Snippet: ATCC accession numbers for the 16 clones are given in Table . table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Clone Reference strain (ATCC accession no.) Serotype MIC (μg/ml) of: Reference(s) PEN CTX ERY CLI CHL TET SXT Spain 23F -1 SP264 (ATCC 700669) 23F 2 0.5 0.06 0.06 16 32 4/76 7, 32, 37 Spain 6B -2 GM17 (ATCC 700670) 6B 2 1 0.12 0.12 16 32 4/76 38 Spain 9V -3 TL7/1993 (ATCC 700671) 9V 2 1 0.12 0.12 2 ≤0.5 8/152 7, 29 Tennessee 23F -4 CS111 (ATCC 51916) 23F 0.12 32 32 0.12 2 ≤0.5 4/76 33, 49 Spain 14 -5 MS22 (ATCC 700902) 14 2 1 0.06 0.12 16 32 2/38 8 Hungary 19A -6 HUN663 (ATCC 700673) 19A 2 0.5 >32 >32 16 16 2/38 31, 38 South Africa 19A -7 17619 (ATCC 700674) 19A 0.5 0.5 0.25 0.25 2 ≤0.5 4/152 51 South Africa 6B -8 50803 (ATCC 700675) 6B 0.5 0.25 0.12 0.12 2 ≤0.5 1/19 51 England 14 -9 PN93/872/B (ATCC 700676) 14 0.03 0.03 32 0.12 2 ≤0.5 0.12/4.2 17 CSR 14 -10 87-029055 (ATCC 700677) 14 8 1 >32 >32 16 32 0.25/4.8 16, 19 CSR 19A -11 91-006571 (ATCC 700678) 19A 4 1 >32 >32 32 32 4/76 16, 19 Finland 6B -12 43362 Fi10 (ATCC 700903) 6B 1 >32 >32 4 32 8/152 48 South Africa 19A -13 51702 (ATCC 700904) 19A 8 2 >8 >8 32 8 8/152 51 Taiwan 19F -14 TW31 (ATCC 700905) 19F 2 1 4 0.12 2 16 4/76 47 Taiwan 23F -15 TW17 (ATCC 700906) 23F 1–2 1 >32 >32 2 16 0.5/9.5 47 Poland 23F -16 178 23F 8 8 >8 0.25 16 16 4/76 41 Open in a separate window a PEN, penicillin; CTX, cefotaxime; ERY, erythromycin; CLI, clindamycin; CHL, chloramphenicol; TET, tetracycline; SXT, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; CSR, Czech Republic.

Techniques: Clone Assay

Journal: mSphere

Article Title: Pneumolysin contributes to dysfunction of nasal epithelial barrier for promotion of pneumococcal dissemination into brain tissue

doi: 10.1128/msphere.00655-24

Figure Lengend Snippet: S. pneumoniae colonized in nasopharynx disseminates into brain tissue through a non-hematogenous route. Mice were intranasally infected with S. pneumoniae EF3030 (WT, 1 × 10 7 CFU in 10 μL of phosphate-buffered saline [PBS]). (A) Bacterial burden in the nasopharynx (nose), olfactory bulb (OB), cerebrum (CB), cerebellum (CE), lung tissues, and blood was assessed at days 1, 3, and 7 following infection. Dots indicate individual mice. Horizontal lines show median values and interquartile range. Dotted line shows the limit of detection (LOD). Data shown are representative of at least three separate experiments, with 10 mice used per group. Statistically significant differences were evaluated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s multiple-comparison test. * P < 0.0001, ** P < 0.001. (B) Brain section obtained from mice nasally infected with EF3030 were subjected to immunofluorescence staining at day 3 following infection. Pneumococci were labeled with an anti-serotype 19 capsule antibody, followed by incubation with an Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated antibody. The olfactory nerve was labeled with an anti-olfactory marker protein and Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated antibodies, and cell nuclei were stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Obtained tissue sections were analyzed using confocal laser microscopy. Arrowheads indicate pneumococcal association with olfactory neurons. Nasal cavity (NC) and olfactory epithelium (OE). Data shown are representative of at least three separate experiments. (C) Lung tissues obtained from non-infected and infected mice at day 3 following infection were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Magnified images of boxed areas in upper panels are shown in lower panels. Data shown are representative of at least three separate experiments, with three mice used per group.

Article Snippet: An encapsulated S. pneumoniae strain (EF3030, serotype 19F) clinically isolated from a patient with otitis media and its isogenic mutant strains were cultured in Todd–Hewitt broth supplied by Becton, Dickinson and Company (BD) supplemented with 0.2% yeast extract (BD) (THY medium) at 37°C.

Techniques: Infection, Saline, Comparison, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Labeling, Incubation, Marker, Microscopy

Journal: mSphere

Article Title: Pneumolysin contributes to dysfunction of nasal epithelial barrier for promotion of pneumococcal dissemination into brain tissue

doi: 10.1128/msphere.00655-24

Figure Lengend Snippet: PLY induces Gli1- and Snail1-dependent dysfunction of the nasal epithelial barrier. (A) Brain tissues were obtained from mice infected with S. pneumoniae EF3030 (WT, 1 × 10 7 CFU in 10 μL of PBS), or an isogenic ply knockout strain (Δ ply ), then subjected to immunohistochemistry using an anti-E-cadherin antibody and HE staining performed on day 3 following infection. Magnified images of boxed areas in the upper panels are presented in the middle panels. Data shown are representative of at least three separate experiments, with five mice per group. (B–D) Transcriptional levels of genes encoding ( B ) E-cadherin, ( C ) Gli1, and ( D ) Snail1 in nasal lavage fluid were determined at 3 days following infection using real-time RT-PCR. A gapdh transcript served as the internal control. Dots indicate individual mice. Values for expression ratios pooled from three independent examinations are presented as the mean ± SD. Transcriptional levels are presented as relative expression normalized to that seen in non-infected tissues. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: An encapsulated S. pneumoniae strain (EF3030, serotype 19F) clinically isolated from a patient with otitis media and its isogenic mutant strains were cultured in Todd–Hewitt broth supplied by Becton, Dickinson and Company (BD) supplemented with 0.2% yeast extract (BD) (THY medium) at 37°C.

Techniques: Infection, Knock-Out, Immunohistochemistry, Staining, Quantitative RT-PCR, Control, Expressing

Journal: mSphere

Article Title: Pneumolysin contributes to dysfunction of nasal epithelial barrier for promotion of pneumococcal dissemination into brain tissue

doi: 10.1128/msphere.00655-24

Figure Lengend Snippet: PLY contributes to pneumococcal dissemination into the brain tissue. Mice were intranasally infected with S. pneumoniae strains (1 × 10 7 CFU in 10 μL of PBS), then bacterial burden in the ( A ) nasopharynx (nose), ( B ) OB, ( C ) CB, ( D ) CE, and ( E ) lung tissues was assessed at 3 days following infection. Dots indicate individual mice. Horizontal lines show median values and interquartile range. Dotted line shows the limit of detection (LOD). Data shown are representative of at least three separate experiments, with 10 mice used per group. Statistically significant differences were evaluated using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s multiple-comparison test. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: An encapsulated S. pneumoniae strain (EF3030, serotype 19F) clinically isolated from a patient with otitis media and its isogenic mutant strains were cultured in Todd–Hewitt broth supplied by Becton, Dickinson and Company (BD) supplemented with 0.2% yeast extract (BD) (THY medium) at 37°C.

Techniques: Infection, Comparison

Journal: mSphere

Article Title: Pneumolysin contributes to dysfunction of nasal epithelial barrier for promotion of pneumococcal dissemination into brain tissue

doi: 10.1128/msphere.00655-24

Figure Lengend Snippet: PLY-dependent inflammatory response in brain tissues. (A–D) Real-time RT-PCR assays were performed on day 3 following infection to analyze transcriptional levels of genes encoding ( A ) CXCL2, ( B ) CXCL1, ( C ) TNF-α, and ( D ) CCL7 in the nasal lavage fluid (NL) of mice infected with S. pneumoniae strains. (E–G), Transcriptional levels of the CXCL2 gene in ( E ) OB, ( F ) CB, and ( G ) CE were assessed at 3 days following infection. A gapdh transcript served as the internal control. Dots indicate individual mice. Values for expression ratios pooled from three independent examinations are presented as the mean ± SD. Transcriptional levels are presented as relative expression normalized to that of non-infected tissues. * P < 0.0001, ** P < 0.001, *** P < 0.05.

Article Snippet: An encapsulated S. pneumoniae strain (EF3030, serotype 19F) clinically isolated from a patient with otitis media and its isogenic mutant strains were cultured in Todd–Hewitt broth supplied by Becton, Dickinson and Company (BD) supplemented with 0.2% yeast extract (BD) (THY medium) at 37°C.

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Infection, Control, Expressing